Enlarged Spleen

1. Infections: Viral infections such as mononucleosis, bacterial infections like endocarditis or tuberculosis, and parasitic infections can trigger spleen enlargement as the spleen works to filter and remove harmful pathogens from the bloodstream.
2. Liver Disease: Cirrhosis or liver conditions causing increased blood pressure in the portal vein (portal hypertension) can lead to splenomegaly as the spleen stores excess blood.
3. Blood Disorders: Conditions like hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, or sickle cell disease can result in the destruction of red blood cells in the spleen, causing its enlargement.
4. Cancers: Leukemias, lymphomas, and myeloproliferative disorders may involve the spleen and lead to its enlargement.
5. Inflammatory Conditions: Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or sarcoidosis can cause splenomegaly.
6. Congestive Heart Failure: When the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, it can lead to congestion in the veins, including those connected to the spleen, resulting in an enlarged spleen.
7. Cysts or Tumors: Benign or malignant growths within the spleen itself can cause it to enlarge.
8. Trauma: Injury or rupture of the spleen can result in temporary swelling.
9. Storage Disorders: Conditions like Gaucher’s disease or Niemann-Pick disease can lead to the accumulation of certain substances in the spleen, causing enlargement.

The treatment of an enlarged spleen focuses on addressing the underlying cause. Clemenceau Medical Center Hospital offers comprehensive evaluation and management options, which may include medications, blood transfusions, or surgical interventions to remove the spleen (splenectomy) in severe cases. A precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and to rule out serious underlying conditions.